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| Many car manufacturers call the supplier of their hybrid models do not - but make their techniques in their own vehicles before. The Porsche Panamera S hybrid e-managed a peek behind the curtain. (Photo: Porsche) |
The customer should attach the eyes on the product. And yet the announcement of partnerships with leading suppliers in the field of electric and hybrid technology should not interfere. Who are the partners of high-tech manufacturer, is unclear for most car buyers. For it is in the vast majority: The vehicles coming from the automaker companies like Bosch and deliver automotive parts and accessories, tires Continental and ZF gearbox. That this long thing of the past, showing each newly introduced car. Because the companies mentioned develop high-tech products for decades, are thus global in the top group of suppliers and their innovations fueling the electric and hybrid drives for the automotive manufacturers. However, the buyer has the final say, so the manufacturers to name new models into the spotlight without the high-tech partner - but the drive still from the shadows.
"Hybrid Air" technology
When presented by PSA Peugeot Citroen "Hybrid Air 'technology, the French company is committed unlike other car manufacturers at the presentation to open its development partner Bosch with which this technology is being developed in two years. In the "Hybrid Air" technology replaces a "bubble memory" with compressed air, the high-voltage battery and a hydraulic drive system, the electric motor. The novel hybrid car for movement recovers energy, for example when braking, the hydraulic fluid in a nitrogen (N2) filled rubber bladder in a steel container (bubble memory), thus compressing the energy stores.
Expands the rubber bladder, pushing the pressure (100-350 bar) by means of hydraulic fluid and hydraulic motor to the wheels. Always stored and quickly released quickly becomes noisy with the PSA stuck in the so-called bubble memory energy consumption by up to 30 percent less gasoline in the mandatory EU driving cycle and up to 45 percent in urban driving. Small cars such as the Citroen C3 and Peugeot 208 are at 2.9 liters per 100 kilometers survive (69 grams of CO2 per kilometer).
In series "Hybrid Air" moves according to Peugeot in 2016. The development partner Bosch is currently expanding its capacity from in the area.
"No information on our suppliers'
Unlike the PSA, the manufacturers usually focus all interest on their new model, with questions about the development partners, it is then, "We do not have our suppliers ers". Thus, in the launch of the Porsche Panamera S Hybrid E. The first plug-in hybrid is not in the upper class and then in a sports sedan because it irritates to know who belongs to the high-tech partner and who. Since nameplates and some quick answers from Porsche engineers are meaningful to suppliers.
Top technicians on both sides
It should be noted that it is generally genuine cooperation between the engineers of automotive manufacturers and suppliers to the industry. And work within the same top technicians who struggle hard for the specific brand and the deliverable is feasible on both sides. At Porsche, this cost will be confident behind the intended brand-specific features of the model back, "the increase of performance and economy," it remains top priority, said Dr. Michael Steiner, head of the overall vehicle development at Porsche. This is evident on the side of the electric drive Porsche S Hybrid E, where "we have a new door pushed open," says Steiner. The Porsche drivers can get 70 kilowatt additional service which provides the permanent-magnet synchronous motors for the hybrid module. The hybrid module is part of the transducer eight-speed automatic transmission. Who builds it and the liquid-cooled 70-kilowatt electric motor? Not Porsche.
Hybrid module ZF Friedrichshafen
Of the suppliers, the electric motors on offer, such as Bosch, Continental and ZF, it is the "gearbox manufacturer" in Friedrichshafen, who received the award in the Panamera S Hybrid Porsche e. ZF supplies, for example, the eight-speed automatic transmission with integrated hybrid module and 40-kilowatt electric motors for the BMW Active Hybrid. By the way ZF is represented equally in the new Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid, where Bodenseer contribute the hybrid module consisting of electric motor, clutch and torsional damper with actuator, which ensures the efficient propulsion at the heart of the hybrid drive with a petrol engine and dual clutch transmission. Anyone who takes it, the Porsche S Hybrid, the well-known e-ZF eight-speed automatic works equipped with the 70-kilowatt hybrid module is wrong. But not entirely.
Although the automatic "Tiptronic S" comes more from the Japanese Aisin transmission specialist - and believe in the full hybrid Cayenne S Hybrid and Panamera S Hybrid. But the new hybrid module with enhanced performance, ZF supplies. It could be included in the e-automatic Panamera S hybrid component without modifications, despite higher Rekuperationsanteile and the enhanced e-machine. When the question of who completes hybrid module and transmission, it is again: "We do not have our suppliers."
Electric motor manufacturing as a core business
As German manufacturers have long focused the electric motor manufacturing as a core business value in electric mobility, Bosch and Daimler working in Hildesheim joint venture EM motifs on the production of electric motors, Volkswagen produced at the Kassel plant electrical machines - Audi wants itself also, only BMW got in early before everyone else and produces long e-machines that will drive this year taking off electric cars i3 and i8.
Advantages of lithium-ion battery systems
To further key technology of the Panamera Plug-in is the high-voltage battery - it comes from the work of Bosch Hildesheim. There, the liquid-cooled lithium-ion battery system is produced by cells of the former Korean joint venture partner Samsung. His eight modules, each with 13 lithium-ion battery cells to 24.5 per ampere-hour and 384 V nominal voltage take over the power supply. From the energy content are used for driving the nominal 7.5 9.4 kilowatt hours, that's enough, according to Porsche for a pure electric drive between 18 and 36 km. For ten seconds, a maximum power of 120 kW can be delivered, significantly more than the E-motor abfordert at maximum load.
These are values that are not to deliver the hitherto unused 288-volt nickel-metal hydride battery (1.7 kWh) able. The powerful lithium-ion battery system (129 kg) with its additional components, and the slightly larger space requirement is for the 70-kilowatt electric motor (310 Newton meters torque) to a power to weight ratio of 0.54 kilograms per kilowatt and improved compared to the 34-kilowatt electric motor (300 Newton meters) of the Cayenne S Hybrid drive by 100 percent.
BMW manufactures high-voltage batteries themselves
Besides Bosch currently manufactures BMW still own high-voltage batteries in Germany. For Munich, the lithium-ion battery systems belong to the core business, such as the electric motors. Buy lithium ion cells from Samsung, configure and produce the high-voltage battery system itself Others, such as Daimler, Continental and Volkswagen are working with different partners on high-voltage batteries, probably Audi had announced last year to produce the energy storage in Ingolstadt.
Power management comes from Bosch
The manager of the "currents" is for the Porsche plug-in Bosch. The power electronics pulse inverter (PWR) and DC-DC converter (DC / DC converter) that produce Stuttgart. My PWR converts the DC voltage of the high-voltage battery into three-phase alternating current for the electric motor. In regenerative operation - recuperation or shop during highway driving (30 minutes are enough for 80 percent of filling) - the process is reversed. The DC / DC converter supplies the 14-volt electrical system with energy from the high-voltage network.
Hybrid vehicle and Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
A special surprise there is also the "economical" Porsche. It's not the special design of the universal charger and charging docks, which is Porsche-like. Probably but the supplier of electronics that monitors the "current refueling" diverse: Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG. Your application ensures that the household power outlet (tens of amperes), the empty battery is fully charged in 3.8 hours. Is the loading dock with a 380-volt power line (16 amp) connected reduces the "filling up" after all discharge to 2.3 hours. This is used as the universal Porsche Charger Universal Battery Charger (AC), which cover all the requirements of its components worldwide power grids and voltages. The loading capacity of the on-board charger itself is 3.6 kilowatts.
Pure electric up to 135 km / h
For Porsche and the Zuliefern the parties can be satisfied. To have in July for 110 409 euros - - The Panamera S Hybrid is a real e-Porsche as first rides occupy. The combination of electric motor and compressor-charged 3.0-liter V6 petrol engine - 245 hp Kilowatt/333; 440 Newton meters - provide the system Kilowatt/416 a power output of 306 hp and a torque of 590 Nm 1250-4000 rpm per minute.
Upgraded so dashing the luxury sedan with a gross vehicle weight of nearly 2.6 tons (payload 485 kg) in the sprint in 5.5 seconds from zero to 100 km / h - and who wants to can to 270 km / h The A Remarkable to the sporty plug-in is its fuel consumption. Not the theoretical 3.1 liters per 100 kilometers (71 grams of CO2 per kilometer) in the EU driving cycle NEDC "Total" - the measurement starts with a full battery. But that its hybrid technology allows electric range of up to 36 kilometers, and that he himself was the first hybrid car ever reached in electric mode up to 135 km / h.
Real consumption values next to laboratory conditions
Porsche lets its buyer not in the dark in the consumption data. Because the value under laboratory conditions put the Zuffenhausen such a practice from the side. In the "Stuttgart-round" of the Panamera S Hybrid E-65 km in city traffic, on country roads and on the motorway was driven and determined the real fuel consumption: 4.4 liters per 100 kilometers.
The S-E Hybrid shows what can cause engineers from manufacturers and suppliers with the plug-in hybrid technology. And at what price? In the case of Porsche with a comparatively "small" fee. The Panamera S with 3.0-liter V6 engine with 309 Kilowatt/420 hp and 520 Nm of torque and also rear-wheel drive costs 101 841 euros, only 8,568 euros more to pay for the S E hybrid. Since this exact consumes 5.6 liters less in the NEDC, the Panamera S Hybrid is e to wish much success.
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